Timelines of psychological, physical and sexual intimate partner violence among a nationally representative sample of Australian women

Abstract

This study presents the first nationally representative, quantitative research asking Australian women to construct timelines of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse in their most recent abusive relationship. Using data from 815 women, the study developed a macro timeline revealing consistent patterns of coercive control. Psychological abuse, including isolation and controlling behaviours, typically emerged earliest, often before cohabitation or marriage, followed by physical and then sexual abuse. Child-related abuse and concern often aligned with the decision to leave. Nearly all participants who experienced physical or sexual abuse had also experienced psychological abuse, reinforcing its foundational role. The findings underscore the value of early identification of psychological IPV and have implications for prevention, routine screening, and survivor-informed policy and service responses.