Domestic violence in Australia: definition, prevalence and nature of presentation in clinical practice

Abstract

Emphasises the importance of screening for domestic violence in general practice and medical settings by asking direct questions of women who may be experiencing violence by a partner. Argues that any definition should be comprehensive and include sexual and psychological forms of abuse in addition to physical abuse, as it is the relentless psychological abuse that cripples and isolates women. Reviews prevalence studies concerning domestic violence and notes the rates will vary according to the definition of domestic violence and measurement tools used. Highlights a number of psychological, physical, pregnancy and childbirth related indicators which may assist doctors in uncovering abuse. Contains a list of screening questions compiled from several American and Australian studies and suggests that the screening questions be used in health settings such as emergency departments, psychiatric clinics, antenatal clinics and general practice. Advises that questioning be direct but conveyed in a sympathetic and non-judgmental manner and that it should also take into account the context in which women live, e.g. Women with disabilities, Indigenous women, women in lesbian relationships and women of non-English speaking background.