Type:	Journal Article
Title:	Violence against women: an integrated, ecological framework
Other Titles:	Violence against women
Authors:	Heise, Lori
Keywords:	Overview
Year:	1998
Publisher:	Sage Publications
Citation:	4 (3), June 1998
Notes:	This article focuses on the causes of gendered-based violence, and proposes an ecological approach that conceptualises violence as the consequence of factors operating on multiple levels. Findings from international and cross-cultural research from the US, Cambodia, Peru, Chile and Thailand, and studies of all types of physical and sexual abuse of women are integrated to provide the ecological framework. The factors discussed are primarily divided in individual/ontogenic, microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem. Individual or ontogenic factors include witnessing marital violence as a child and being abused during childhood. Microsystem or situational elements refer to male dominance in the family, male control of the wealth, marital conflict and use of alcohol. The exosystem issues relate to unemployment and low socioeconomic status, isolation of the woman and the family, and delinquent peer associations. Finally, the macrosystem factors incorporate the notion of masculinity, rigid gender roles, a sense of ownership over women, approval of physical chastisement of women and the cultural acceptance of violent behaviour to resolve personal disputes.
URI:	https://anrows.intersearch.com.au/anrowsjspui/handle/1/12585
ISSN:	1077-8012
Appears in Collections:	Journal Articles

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