Descriptive data of transgender and nonbinary people's experiences of sexual assault: Context, perpetrator characteristics, and reporting behaviors

Abstract

Research indicates that nearly half of transgender and nonbinary (trans/NB) people will experience sexual assault in their lifetime. Beyond prevalence, limited information exists regarding the general context in which sexual assault occurs within this community. Additionally, little is known about whether trans/NB individuals report these experiences and, if so, to whom. This study examined contextual factors related to sexual assault experiences among trans/NB people.<br><br>

Using a cross-sectional online survey, researchers assessed sexual assault prevalence rates, contextual details, and reporting behaviours among 230 trans/NB adults in the United States. Data were collected in 2016 and 2017 across two separate periods. <br><br> Findings revealed that 80% of participants had experienced sexual assault, with 62% reporting completed penetrative behaviours (rape) and 37% indicating repeat victimisation occurring in both childhood and adulthood. Most participants identified their perpetrator as male (80%), with dating partners (34%) and acquaintances (34%) being the most frequently described perpetrators. Alcohol was involved in 26% of assaults, and 8% of participants characterised their experience as a hate crime. Reporting behaviours showed that 64% disclosed their assault to a friend, 50% to a dating partner, and 35% to a therapist. However, only 6% reported their assault to police, and 20% indicated that they had never disclosed their experience to anyone. <br><br> The findings suggest that, aside from significantly higher prevalence rates, the patterns observed are similar to those reported in broader, cisgender-focused sexual assault research. Researchers recommend that prevention and support services address the high prevalence of sexual assault within the trans/NB community, alongside the low rates of reporting to police and other formal support systems.