The changing geography of homelessness in Australia (2001–21) and its structural drivers

Abstract

This report examines shifts in the distribution and characteristics of homelessness across Australia over a 20-year period (2001–2021). It explores how structural factors, such as rising housing costs, income inequality, and demographic changes, have contributed to evolving patterns of homelessness. Through data analysis and case studies, the report highlights significant changes in the geographic spread of homelessness, with an increasing prevalence in suburban and regional areas, as opposed to traditional concentrations in inner-city areas.<br><br>

Key drivers of homelessness identified in the report include structural challenges in the housing market, such as limited housing affordability and availability. Demographic factors, such as an ageing population and an increase in single-person households, are also contributing to housing insecurity. Additionally, the report discusses the impact of welfare and income support systems, which have not kept pace with the cost of living, exacerbating the risk of homelessness for low-income individuals and families. <br><br> One of the significant findings is the link between family and domestic violence and homelessness, particularly among women and children. Domestic violence remains one of the leading causes of homelessness in Australia, with many victims forced to leave their homes due to safety concerns. This aspect of homelessness is especially pronounced in regional and suburban areas, where access to support services may be more limited compared to urban centres. The report calls for targeted policy responses to address the needs of domestic violence survivors, including increased support for crisis accommodation and housing stability programs.<br><br>

In its recommendations, the report advocates for a comprehensive national homelessness strategy that addresses both structural and individual factors. This includes increasing the supply of affordable housing, reforming income support systems, and expanding targeted support services for at-risk groups, such as survivors of domestic violence, older people, and single-parent households. It suggests that a more coordinated, cross-sectoral approach is essential to effectively address the multifaceted drivers of homelessness in Australia.